Logistics Glossary

An inventory management technique that categorizes materials/products based on criteria such as turnover rate, quantity, or value — with A items being the most valuable or fast-moving, and C items being the least.

 A payment method in which the value of goods is settled at a future date through a bill of exchange. In this structure, the importer or the importer’s bank accepts the bill, thereby committing to pay at maturity. If the bill is accepted by the buyer, it is termed a trade acceptance. If accepted or guaranteed (avalized) by a bank, it becomes a banker’s acceptance. Banks act as intermediaries in this process and charge a commission for their services. This method provides payment assurance to the exporter for deferred transactions. 

A passageway used to access rack compartments or stacked goods, often utilized for inventory counting and material handling.

It is used for the systematic separation of stocks with different characteristics such as saleable stock, damaged stock, stock of products to be labeled, stock of problematic products, stock of returned products to be repackaged, stock of returned products to be inspected, stock of products awaiting destruction, stock of products awaiting quality control, etc.

A working stack of goods from which materials are frequently placed or retrieved according to operational needs.

The value a company adds to its inputs (including labor, depreciation, profit, taxes, and liabilities) / the enhanced or improved value, functionality, or benefit delivered through its services or operations.

It is a document issued to indicate the changes that have occurred during the period in which the insurance policy is in force.

The process of assigning a physical location (address) to a product or handling unit (e.g., bin, box, pallet) within a logistics facility and recording it in the system by linking the item’s unique ID with the designated location ID.

It is the process of physically transporting and placing the products arriving at the warehouse to the stock locations in the warehouse after the goods acceptance process is carried out, and systematically matching the identity of the transport container with the address identity.

Systematic stock increase or decrease operations performed in order to correct stock errors on the system.

A regulatory framework that governs the transport of hazardous materials by road. It requires vehicles and drivers to be certified for transporting such goods.
Hazard classes under ADR include:

Class 1: Explosives
Class 2: Gases
Class 3: Flammable Liquids
Class 4.1: Flammable Solids
Class 4.2: Substances Liable to Spontaneous Combustion
Class 4.3: Substances Which Emit Flammable Gases in Contact with Water
Class 5.1: Oxidizing Substances
Class 5.2: Organic Peroxides
Class 6.1: Toxic Substances
Class 6.2: Infectious Substances
Class 7: Radioactive Material
Class 8: Corrosive Substances
Class 9: Miscellaneous Dangerous Substances and Articles

It is a form of payment in which the importer pays the goods to the exporter before the actual export.

A representative entity or individual operating on behalf of a logistics company in a specific region outside of the company’s headquarters, providing logistics services locally.

A mutually accepted written understanding between parties in procurement or logistics services, clearly defining the terms and conditions of the engagement.

A non-negotiable transport document issued between the shipper and the air carrier, serving as a receipt for the cargo and a contract of carriage in air freight.

An international customs document accepted as a declaration and guarantee for the temporary importation of goods without payment of duties and taxes, under the ATA Convention among member countries.

A customs document issued by exporters under the Customs Union Agreement between Türkiye and the European Community. It allows goods in free circulation to benefit from duty exemptions during export and import between the two regions.

It is a storage system in which the placement of the material in its place in the warehouse and the removal and shipment of the material from the place where it is stored are carried out with computer-controlled equipment, and robots that can move horizontally and vertically for placement and picking in each shelf aisle.

It refers to the suitability and availability of the locations determined for different purposes (stocking, handling, vehicle loading/unloading, value-added services) in logistics facilities for the relevant process.

The average level of inventory held for a product, a product group or all products in a given period.

In a back-to-back shelving system, it is the space left between two shelves, taking into account the overhang of the pallets from the shelves.

It is the most common, economical and widely used shelving system in which the front faces of the shelves are placed close to the aisle and the back faces are placed close to each other, providing direct access to all product types, can be used manually or with handling equipment, and is very suitable for pallet use.

A fuel surcharge applied to freight rates to account for fluctuations in oil and marine fuel prices, typically adjusted on a monthly basis.

A machine-readable representation of data using a combination of lines and spaces of varying widths, enabling automatic identification and data entry into computer systems using optical scanners.

A material handling system designed for transporting items—ranging from boxed and packaged goods to bulk materials—via a continuous belt made of materials like rubber or plastic.

It is a loading instruction. It contains all the details of the shipper and consignee, such as the place and date of loading, the place where the goods will be delivered, the type of goods, quantity, gross weight and method of delivery.

A dedicated freight train in which all railcars carry the same type of cargo, often belonging to a single company, and travel from origin to destination without being split or reconfigured en route.

A storage facility where goods under customs control are held until customs duties are paid or the goods are otherwise released under customs regulations.

Indicates the country borders where export and/or import vehicles enter or leave the countries on their transit routes.

A package of various sizes containing various goods.

A type of general cargo consisting of individually handled, packaged, or unitized loads such as bags, boxes, crates, or pallets. These goods are not containerized and are often heterogeneous in nature, including items like wheat sacks or machinery parts.

Stock held between work centers to balance production flow.

A type of cargo that is not containerized and must be handled directly, often requiring contact with the goods during loading and unloading (e.g., grain, coal, sand).

The exclusive right of a country to operate transport services within its own territory, typically granted only to carriers flying its national flag. In maritime trade, it refers to domestic coastal shipping. In road transport, it can also refer to the right of commercial drivers to operate within foreign countries under certain conditions.

A surcharge applied to freight rates to compensate for fluctuations in currency exchange rates, particularly involving the U.S. dollar.

It is a shelf used especially for stacking long goods (profile, pipe, plate, plastic, wood, etc.) side by side or on top of each other, with an open front side and carrying arms in horizontal direction.

The maximum output achievable under defined conditions, measured over a specific period or according to other relevant metrics.

It is a payment method that envisages the delivery of documents to the importer in return for the importer's bank paying the export price to the exporter's bank. The importer has the right to withdraw the goods from customs with the payment documents received. This form of payment is also called payment against documents.

It is a form of payment where the price of the exported goods is paid after the goods are received by the importer.

In order to provide storage, transportation and/or value-added services, it is a document issued to document that the goods in question are transferred to the responsibility of the relevant party by signing and stamping when receiving or delivering the goods from the company, supplier or customer providing the service in question.

It is a document that shows the origin of the goods in circulation in international trade, i.e. where they were produced and therefore which country they belong to.

An Incoterms rule used exclusively for sea and inland waterway transport. The seller delivers the goods onboard the vessel at the port of shipment and pays the freight to the destination port. Risk passes to the buyer once the goods are on board the vessel.

An Incoterms rule used exclusively for sea and inland waterway transport. The seller delivers the goods onboard the vessel at the port of shipment, pays for insurance and freight to the destination port, and arranges insurance on behalf of the buyer with minimum coverage. Risk transfers to the buyer once the goods are loaded onto the vessel.

An Incoterms rule where the seller pays for transportation and insurance up to the named destination. The risk transfers to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the carrier. The seller is also responsible for obtaining insurance at a minimum coverage level appropriate for the goods.

A type of warehouse where the racking system not only stores goods but also serves as the building's primary structural framework. After installing the racks, wall and roof panels are added, and mechanical and electrical systems are integrated into the racking structure. Unlike traditional warehouse racking, clad-rack systems are not easily relocatable due to their structural function.

An international road transport agreement establishing standard rules for transport documents and liability. The CMR document certifies that the transport is governed by CMR regulations and is typically issued by the shipper or logistics provider.

A legal document issued by the carrier in the name of the consignee, confirming that the goods have been received in good condition and that a transportation contract has been concluded under specified conditions.

It is a numeric or alphanumeric representation of text for the purpose of categorizing common information.

Encouraging and motivating all parties in the supply chain to work together to achieve better overall chain performance.

It is a transportation system in which the highway is used at the beginning and end stages of transportation and the long-distance transportation in between is carried out by rail, river, canal or sea.

Any goods or products that are subject to trade in commercial markets.

Damage to goods discovered after delivery, despite the outer packaging appearing intact and undamaged.

The party that receives the goods upon delivery.

It is a form of export made in the form of sending goods to foreign buyers, brokers, exporter's branch representations abroad to be sold later. The relevant persons or organizations receiving the goods sent to be sold sell the goods at fair value, commission, etc. deduct the expenses from the sales income and send the remaining amount to the exporter in foreign currency through the authorized bank.

A non-negotiable receipt issued for railway freight transportation, serving as proof of delivery. It does not possess the characteristics of a negotiable instrument.

Products that are paid for when they are used, not when they are received.

Saving scale in transportation by creating large loading batches from small quantities of cargo.

It is the process of receiving the goods from the authorized personnel delivering the material by the company official.

Standard metal cargo crates that are resistant to all kinds of atmospheric conditions, especially used in combined transportation with maritime transportation, easy to handle and stackable loads are placed inside.

It is a continuous cycle of activities based on planning, implementing, controlling and taking measures to improve performance.

It is the coordination of the flow of goods and information in the supply chain to ensure a continuous flow of products and less product held in retailer inventories.

It is the outsourcing of logistics operations based on a contract between the logistics service provider company and the customers.

A warehouse operated under a formal agreement in which storage services are provided on behalf of one or more clients according to pre-defined terms and conditions.

It is a closed-circuit, continuous transfer mechanism for transporting loads from the air or ground. It is a continuous transportation vehicle used in the transportation of various loads and materials.

A passageway in a stockpile.

Transactions conducted under a single agreement where two groups of goods, deemed to be of equal value, are directly and simultaneously exchanged without any financial payment or fund transfer. Barter contracts typically cover one-off transactions rather than long-term or recurring business with the same client.

An Incoterms rule where the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to a carrier or another party at an agreed location. The seller bears the cost of transportation to the named destination, but the risk transfers to the buyer once the goods are handed over to the first carrier.

A tool for lifting heavy loads and carrying them somewhere.

A logistics process in which goods received from suppliers are sorted and shipped directly to customers without being stored, and without altering the contents of the transport unit.

The organization or person to whom products and services are sold.

Providing more effective and efficient services to customers through multi-directional and cross-analysis of customer characteristics and sales and marketing activities.

An official document issued by customs authorities confirming that all legal requirements have been fulfilled and the vehicle or goods are authorized for release.

A formal written statement submitted to customs authorities detailing the specifications, dimensions, and nature of goods to be imported, exported, or transited. It is prepared in multiple copies.

The official approval of a customs declaration submitted by an exporter, importer, or their customs broker, allowing the import or export process to proceed under the supervision of customs authorities.

An agreement between two or more countries to eliminate customs duties and facilitate trade by applying a common external tariff across all member states.

A periodic inventory counting method used to ensure inventory accuracy by counting specific portions of stock at regular intervals.

Any loss in value caused by tearing, cracking, breaking, deformation, wetting, or spoilage of goods during transportation, storage, or handling operations.

It is a material that should be given special attention during transportation and storage as there is a risk of damage to health, safety and other materials in the environment.

An Incoterms rule under which the seller bears all risks and costs of delivering the goods to the named place of destination. The goods are delivered when they are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving vehicle, ready for unloading. Import customs duties and formalities are the responsibility of the buyer.

A former Incoterms term indicating that the seller delivers the goods to a specified terminal (port, warehouse, etc.) at the destination, unloaded from the arriving vehicle. The seller bears all costs and risks until the goods are unloaded and placed at the disposal of the buyer at the terminal.

An Incoterms delivery term where the seller is responsible for all costs and risks, including duties, taxes, insurance, and transportation, until the goods are delivered ready for unloading at the named place in the destination country.

Stock that has not been demanded or consumed for a certain period of time.

The strategy of storing the same inventory item at multiple locations to ensure faster availability and delivery based on geographical demand.

The value of the goods as declared by the shipper, often used for customs purposes or liability coverage.

It is an official document used to officially document every movement of all kinds of tangible assets such as Commercial Goods, Raw Materials, Scrap, Fixed Assets in the enterprise.

It is an order or instruction prepared to ensure that the goods written on the bill of lading can be withdrawn in parts. Ordino is also an instruction for the customs clearance of the goods against the bill of lading.

The date and/or time when a good is delivered to the customer.

It is the requirement for a specific quantity of a specific material.

The use of various forecasting approaches to determine the quantitative and/or qualitative values of the demand for products and services in accordance with certain conditions.

It is the determination of the demand of a product or service for a projected period (such as 12 months, 6 months, 3 months, 1 month) on the basis of product family, product or location by taking into account both past sales data and factors affecting the future with a scenario approach.

A charge incurred when a vessel exceeds its allowed loading or unloading time, or when cargo remains in a container without being cleared and emptied within the agreed timeframe.

A unit used to calculate freight charges, obtained by multiplying the dimensions (length × width × height in centimeters) of a package and dividing the result by 3,000.

The process of delivering goods directly to the customer without any intermediate warehousing or storage.

The process of transporting and delivering products to designated locations in accordance with specified quantities, timelines, and conditions.

A logistics facility where products received from one or more suppliers are stored, handled, packaged, and dispatched, including value-added services, before being distributed to end destinations.

The complete chain of intermediaries through which a product or service passes from the producer to the end user.

A system that defines all elements involved in moving products from dispatch points to final delivery points, including warehouses, routes, sales points, and logistics nodes.

Any formal record used in business operations such as invoices, purchase orders, or shipping forms.

A bilateral transit document used between countries to allow TIR trucks to carry out cross-border transportation. Countries exchange these permits annually, and only trucks holding a valid Dozvola may perform international transit freight operations.

A high-density storage system that allows stacking equipment to enter the rack structure for deep pallet storage. It minimizes aisle space and is ideal for storing large quantities of homogeneous products. Operates on a Last In, First Out (LIFO) principle, using rails instead of beams for pallet placement.

The process of buying and selling physical or digital products over the internet through structured online platforms.

A battery-powered, hand-operated device used for horizontal movement of palletized loads. It offers minimal vertical lift capabilities and is not designed for stacking.

An electric-powered equipment used for stacking palletized loads vertically. Operated by a pedestrian (no operator cabin), it is more compact and cost-effective compared to a reach truck but offers lower lifting height.

A unique identifier used for the global, real-time, and automated identification and tracking of products within the supply chain. It includes information such as version, manufacturer, product type, and serial number.

A predefined set of procedures and precautions designed to address unexpected events or emergencies that may arise in the future.

A minimum quantity of stock kept on hand at all times to respond to unplanned, urgent demands or emergency situations.

The projected date and time when a shipment or transport vehicle is expected to arrive at its destination.

A standardized pallet defined by the European Pallet Association (EPAL), used across Europe for efficient transport and warehousing. Its official size is 800 mm × 1200 mm, and it complies with specifications outlined in standard UIC 435-2V regarding dimensions, material, humidity level, and nail types.

An international trade term where the seller makes the goods available at their premises (e.g., warehouse or factory), with all costs, risks, and responsibilities for transportation, export clearance, and delivery falling entirely on the buyer. The seller is not obligated to load the goods onto any transport vehicle or to handle export formalities.

The commercial activity of sending goods from the domestic country to a foreign one for trade purposes.

A formal customs document submitted to declare the export of goods from one country to another.

A secure network that allows different organizations (such as customers, suppliers, or government agencies) to access and share information via the internet using compatible software and protocols.

An Incoterms delivery term used in sea and inland waterway transport. The seller completes delivery once the goods, cleared for export, are placed alongside the vessel (e.g., on the quay or berth) at the named port of shipment. From that point onward, all risks, costs, and freight charges are the buyer’s responsibility.

An international trade term where the seller fulfills their obligation once the goods, cleared for export, are handed over to a carrier designated by the buyer at a specified location. Applicable to all modes of transport. If the buyer appoints a party who is not the actual carrier, delivery is considered complete when the goods are handed to that person.

The transfer of cargo between large vessels and smaller ships or barges, or vice versa. This service is typically used when direct calls by larger vessels to smaller ports are not feasible.

A type of bonded warehouse exclusively used by a single company to store its own customs-controlled goods.

An inventory management principle where the first goods received are the first to be dispatched or used. Commonly applied in warehousing and cost accounting.

Costs that remain fixed and are not affected by the amount of work done in the short term.

This is the price that has not been changed in any way.

It is a policy of storing each product in a dedicated area.

The coordinated administration of all company-owned vehicles, equipment, garages, and infrastructure in a logistics operation. It includes tracking vehicle locations, scheduling maintenance, planning accommodations, managing onboard equipment, and overseeing driver assignments.

A conveyor system made of 1-meter segments with a scissor-like structure, allowing it to expand and contract to accommodate various distances during loading and unloading operations.

The ability to adapt to changes in consumer demand or market conditions.

A logistics process similar to cross-docking, where goods received from suppliers are sorted and shipped directly according to customer orders without being stored. Unlike standard cross-docking, the contents of transport units may be altered, requiring manual handling and item-level processing. Excess quantities (referred to as "residuals") are routed to stock, while matched quantities are dispatched immediately, improving operational efficiency and reducing resource usage.

An international trade term under which the seller delivers the goods onto the ship provided by the buyer at the agreed port and date. Responsibility for the goods, including all risks, losses, and costs, transfers to the buyer once the goods pass the ship’s rail. The seller is responsible for export documentation and customs clearance.

It is the provision in contracts that the parties cannot be held liable for unforeseen circumstances beyond their control (earthquake, flood, war, etc.).

A powered industrial truck with forked arms used for material handling operations such as loading, unloading, transporting, placing, and stacking goods in both indoor and outdoor areas.

Companies that design and manage end-to-end supply chain solutions by integrating their own resources, capabilities, and technologies with third-party logistics (3PL) providers. 4PL providers must possess the expertise and capability to add value throughout the entire supply chain.

Although they are parts of the Customs Territory of Turkey; They are places where goods not in free circulation are placed without being subjected to any customs regime and without being put into free circulation, provided that they are not used or consumed except for the cases stipulated in the customs legislation, and where goods in free circulation, which are considered to be outside the Customs Territory of Turkey in terms of the application of import duties and trade policy measures, benefit from the facilities normally associated with the export of goods due to their placement in a free zone.

The fee paid for the transportation service.

A shipment that fully utilizes the entire capacity (by volume or weight) of a trailer. Typically involves direct delivery without intermediate handling.

The allocation of a means of transport or container to a shipper.

It is the process of accepting the material coming to the warehouse. The process includes unloading the load and taking it to the goods receiving area, comparing the physical information with the registered information, taking the goods into the warehouse and keeping the record.

This is the area where the acceptance processes of the material coming to the warehouse are carried out.

A communication technology that enables the transfer of data over GSM networks, commonly used for mobile tracking and real-time data transmission in logistics operations.

The practice of combining shipments from multiple shippers into a single transport unit or container to optimize space and reduce costs.

A general term for all operations in logistics facilities involving the movement, repackaging, resizing, inspection, labeling, and stretch-wrapping of products.

A substance that may pose a risk to health, safety and damage during storage and transportation.

A document issued by a freight forwarder for air cargo shipments. It includes shipment instructions, cargo description, and applicable charges, and is used for managing shipments on behalf of multiple shippers under a master airway bill.

A global organization that regulates and standardizes air passenger and cargo transportation rates, safety procedures, and authorizations across the airline industry.

An additional fee imposed by the carrier for the transport of dangerous goods, as regulated by maritime safety standards.

A mandatory document required for the transportation of flammable, explosive, or hazardous chemical materials, in compliance with International Maritime Organization regulations.

The commercial process of bringing goods into a country from abroad for the purpose of trade.

A set of optional international rules published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) to standardize and clarify trade terms in global sales contracts and prevent misinterpretation across different countries.

It is the stacking of loads on top of each other on the ground according to a plan without using shelves.

It is the control of the material at storage or customs points under the supervision of internal or external officials (third parties), by taking and analyzing samples when necessary.

A bilateral written contract made with an organization engaged in this business in return for a premium paid in advance to cover losses that may arise as a result of the realization of possible risks.

A multimodal transportation method where goods are transported to their final destination using multiple modes (e.g., Ro-Ro, road, sea, rail) without any physical handling or unloading of the cargo from the container or trailer during mode transfers.

This program was introduced by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) to standardize the terminology used in international trade. There are a total of 11 delivery terms defined under Incoterms.

1. CFR (Cost and Freight):This delivery term is used exclusively in maritime and inland waterway transport. The seller assumes all costs and risks up to the point where the goods are loaded onto the vessel at the port of departure, cleared for export. The risk of loss or damage transfers to the buyer once the goods are on board, while the cost responsibility transfers upon arrival at the destination port.
2. CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight):Also applicable only to maritime and inland waterway transport, this term indicates that the seller covers the cost of goods, insurance, and freight. The seller delivers the goods on board the vessel, cleared for export. In addition, the seller is obligated to procure minimum insurance coverage against the risk of loss or damage during transit, on behalf of the buyer. Risk transfers to the buyer when the goods are placed on board, while cost responsibility is assumed upon arrival at the destination port.
3. CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To):Applicable to all modes of transport, this term indicates that the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to a carrier or another party at a location agreed upon by both parties. The seller is responsible for transportation costs to the agreed destination and must obtain minimum insurance coverage for the shipment. The seller fulfills their delivery obligation when the goods are handed over to the first carrier, not when they reach the final destination.
4. CPT (Carriage Paid To):Used across all modes of transport, particularly multimodal shipments. The seller delivers the goods, export-cleared, to a carrier or another party at an agreed location and covers the transport costs to the destination. Once the goods are handed over to the first carrier, all risks and any further costs (excluding freight) pass to the buyer.
5. DAP (Delivered At Place):Applicable to all modes of transport, this term means the seller bears all costs, risks, and responsibilities—including insurance and inland transport—until the goods are made available to the buyer at the designated destination, unloaded from the arriving vehicle. Import customs clearance and associated costs are the responsibility of the buyer.
6. DAT (Delivered At Terminal):Also applicable to all modes of transport, this term means the seller delivers the goods at an agreed terminal (port, airport, warehouse, etc.) at the destination, unloaded from the arriving means of transport. Delivery is considered complete once the goods are placed at the buyer's disposal at the terminal. All unloading costs are borne by the seller.
7. DDP (Delivered Duty Paid):This is the delivery term under which the seller assumes maximum responsibility. The seller delivers the goods to the agreed destination in the import country, covering all transport costs, import duties, taxes, and other official charges. The buyer takes over only after the goods are ready for unloading.
8. Ex Works (EXW):This term indicates that the seller fulfills their delivery obligation by making the goods available at their own premises (warehouse, factory, etc.). The buyer bears all costs and risks associated with transportation, including export formalities if required. The seller is not responsible for loading the goods or handling export clearance.
9. FAS (Free Alongside Ship):Used in maritime and inland waterway transport, this term means the seller delivers the goods, export-cleared, alongside the vessel at the named port of shipment (e.g., on the quay). From that point, the buyer bears all risks and costs, including freight and loading.
10. FCA (Free Carrier): Applicable to all modes of transport, this term means the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier or another party nominated by the buyer at a designated location. If the buyer appoints someone who is not a carrier to take delivery, the seller completes delivery by handing the goods over to that person.
11. FOB (Free On Board): Used in maritime and inland waterway transport, this term means the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the agreed port of shipment. Risk of loss or damage passes to the buyer once the goods cross the ship’s rail.

It is any kind of transportation from one country to another country directly or in transit; by road, maritime, railway and/or air.

An internal network system that connects computers within an organization to facilitate data exchange between departments.

A complete list of all assets and stock items held by a business, recorded either physically or financially.

It is the process of meeting raw materials, semi-finished products, finished goods and auxiliary materials in the most appropriate way by paying attention to the marketing, sales, production, supply, financial situation of the enterprise and time, quantity, price and quality criteria in order to meet certain or possible demands.

The ratio of the cost or quantity of goods sold to the average inventory value or quantity for a given period of activity.

A commercial document issued by the seller, listing details such as product type, quantity, specifications, price, weight, shipping address, and date.

The act of throwing cargo overboard from a ship in distress to protect the vessel and remaining cargo.

A single freight rate agreed upon and applied from the point of origin to the final destination, covering transportation across different carriers or transport modes.

A logistics strategy that ensures materials are picked up from the required location and delivered to the designated destination in the exact quantity and at the precise time needed, under predefined conditions.

A mandatory license issued by the Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications of Türkiye to natural or legal persons engaged in intercity road freight transport using one or more company-owned vehicles.

An information, documentation, signal, or electronic message system used in Just-In-Time (JIT) production and supply systems to ensure that materials are supplied in the required quantity and at the exact time they are needed.

It is the large pin that connects the tractor to the semi-trailer.

According to the types of insurance, these are warnings that complement the issues in the general terms and conditions of the policy and indicate the conditions that should be paid particular attention to.

The disassembly of cargo for reassembly in order to make an economical loading.

It is a word of Persian origin and means opening, opening. It is the right of the owners to inspect, sample and weigh their goods before declaration in order to be able to issue their declaration.

It is a type of authorization certificate that companies engaged in international logistics operations must have in accordance with the Road Transport Law. Unless the violations specified in the provisions of the law are committed, the validity period of the certificate is 5 years.

The agreed time window during which a ship must arrive at the loading or discharge port, within which loading/unloading operations are expected to take place.

The time between the placement of a purchase order or production order for a product/service and the realization of order delivery or product production.

The principle that the last material in is the first material out.

Goods, products or goods being transported.

It is the process of safely loading materials into a vehicle such as train, plane, truck, etc. for shipment.

It is the pallet, platform, etc. area where the loads are placed.

A defined physical area within a logistics facility that is assigned a unique identification number and registered in the warehouse management system for inventory tracking.

The physical flow of transportation, storage, packaging and handling, and the service flow of customs clearance, insurance, inspection, inventory management and order management.

The stage of the supply chain process that involves the effective and efficient planning, implementation and control of the forward and reverse flows and storage of goods, services and related information between the point of production and the point of consumption to meet customer requirements.

It is a semi-trailer that enables the transportation of loads that are different from the length, height, width and tonnage that normal trucks or trucks can carry, such as heavy construction machinery or special project loads, which are outside the standards according to international and domestic road transport regulations.

1. Payment Under Letter of Credit (L/C): A conditional commitment by a bank to make payment to a specified seller in return for the presentation of documents relating to goods or services, the details of which are specified by the buyer, upon the request of a buyer.
2. Acceptance Credit: It is a form of payment that commits the payment of the price of the goods in a certain term and that a policy is the vehicle for this payment. In other words, acceptance credit is a form of payment in which the price of the goods sold is paid to the seller in the term that is tied to a policy. This credit is used by the importer or, in addition, the importer's bank by accepting the policy submitted with the documents. In payment on acceptance credit, banks act as intermediaries for the parties and receive a commission for this. There is “trade acceptance” if the policy issued by the seller is accepted only by the buyer. Where it is foreseeable that the policy will be accepted by a bank, the bank will accept the policy or may advance the importer's acceptance. This is called “banker's acceptance”. In this form of payment, the exporter guarantees itself against the importer who wants to buy on credit by the bank's acceptance or advance acceptance of the policy.
3. Counter-trade: Transactions in which two sets of goods of equal value are exchanged directly and simultaneously under a single contract that does not involve financial payments or fund transfers. Barter contracts are not long-term and regular transactions with the same customer; they usually cover one-off transactions.
4. Consignment Export - Consignment (Consignations): It is a form of export made in the form of sending goods to foreign buyers, brokers, exporter's branch representations abroad to be sold later. The relevant persons or organizations receiving the goods sent to be sold sell the goods at their fair value. Commission etc. expenses are deducted from the sales revenue and the remaining amount is sent to the exporter in foreign currency through the authorized bank.
5. Cash Against Goods: It is a form of payment where the price of the exported goods is paid after the goods are received by the importer.
6. Advance Payment (Cash Payment / Advance Payment / Prepayment / Cash Before Delivery): It is a form of payment in which the importer pays the cost of the goods to the exporter before the actual export.
7. Cash Against Documents (CAD): It is a form of payment that envisages the delivery of documents to the importer in return for the importer's bank paying the export price to the exporter's bank. The importer has the right to withdraw the goods from customs with the payment documents received. This form of payment is also called payment against documents.

The most frequently used and optimal route between the origin and destination points.

It is a document showing the list of details prepared by the carrier and its agent. It is the summary details of the total cargo in the vehicle. It is usually used for customs purposes.

A transport document issued by an airline for air shipments made directly from the actual shipper to the actual consignee, typically used for consolidated cargo shipments.

It is a request to receive goods from the warehouse or to start the purchasing process if they are not in the warehouse.

It is the management of all materials within a company, including coding, requirement planning, inventory control, procurement, storage, etc.

In Germany, it is a highway use tax levied on vehicles over 12 tons.

It is a racking system used for storing small and multi-article products such as spare parts, ready-to-wear clothing, accessories, cosmetics, etc., providing access to each product without the use of equipment, allowing efficient use of warehouse volume vertically. It allows personnel to walk on the platforms inside the shelf and thus allows a high warehouse to be used as a mezzanine.

An adjustable platform that bridges the height difference between the warehouse floor and the truck bed, allowing handling equipment to move between them. It enables safe loading and unloading for vehicles of varying heights.

A racking system where storage units move horizontally on rails powered by electric motors. This allows for higher storage density by reducing the number of aisles. Commonly used in low-access operations such as archive storage.

The use of at least two different modes of transport within the same shipment operation, coordinated under a single transport contract.

Documents signed by those concerned to determine a specific event or situation (goods acceptance report, counting report, deficit/surplus report, etc.).

A type of container without a rigid roof, used for cargo that cannot be loaded through standard container doors or exceeds standard height limits. Ideal for loading by crane or forklift from the top.

It is a concept that has parallels with resource planning. It aims to increase the measurable values of the organization such as efficiency and profitability by using these resources with maximum capacity with the actions to be taken and plans to be implemented within the existing resources, while aiming to keep these criteria at the lowest level within a structure measured by performance criteria such as penalties, delays and losses.

This is the number indicating the finalized order of a good to be delivered on a certain date. This number is used to receive materials and to track this receipt during the debit period.

It is the process of meeting demands or orders, pricing, keeping records, controlling stocks, making stock allocation or notifying the relevant places of production/purchasing requirements, tracking orders, monitoring delivery and collection.

Stacking equipment that allows the operator to go up and pick orders.

For the products or services stored, it is the process of preparing for shipment by the warehouse personnel, which the customer notifies to the company by giving quantity and time.

A container made of metal, plastic, cardboard, etc. that protects products from external influences and keeps them together, facilitating marketing, transportation, storage and distribution.

It is all of the protective tools used to ensure the safe transportation of a product in the distribution chain extending from the producer to the consumer.

A container made of materials such as metal, plastic, or glass that protects products from external factors, facilitates identification and marketing, improves handling and ergonomics, and provides essential product information.

A detailed document listing the contents of a shipment, including quantity, weight, dimensions, item numbers, and consignee information.

An official document indicating the name, quantity, freight cost and invoice number of the cargo on the vehicle. It is a document that must be issued during the transportation of commercial commodities from one place to another and must be kept with the goods in order to be controlled in terms of tax legislation during the transportation of goods.

It is a material handling equipment used in order picking, vehicle loading and unloading operations in the warehouse, suitable for working in low positions.

Stacking the product on pallets for transportation and storage.

While goods are transported in the open in a pickup truck, which is a light commercial vehicle similar to a minibus (semi-closed open body) with a closed chassis of 3 - 5 meters, this model carries loads in a hollow section like a closed warehouse.

A label on the outside of parcels used in transportation, indicating the destination and/or parcel content.

It is the method of transporting the loads of different customers on the same route with the same truck.

A conditional payment commitment issued by a bank, at the request of the buyer, to pay a specified seller upon presentation of documents related to goods or services, as defined by the buyer's terms.

The set of logistics activities involved in the movement of finished products to consumers, including transportation, warehousing, inventory control, packaging, order processing, and information flow.

A process involving the complete counting and recording of all inventory items in a warehouse or facility, typically conducted annually or semi-annually, during which all inbound and outbound operations are temporarily halted.

An electronic order picking system that guides personnel by indicating via LED displays which item and how many units should be picked from which location. Confirmation buttons on the system send feedback to the warehouse management system.

It is a material handling equipment designed to manually pick orders that are less than the pallet load on the shelves, allowing the operator to rise while picking orders in horizontal and vertical directions, in other words, allowing the operator to change position on the machine.

It is the predetermined location for each part to be used for picking, placing and replenishment.

 Inventory held at a specific stage of the supply chain to meet anticipated customer demand. 

 Sequential stocks of the same product held at different points along the supply chain to meet customer demand efficiently. 

The cargo requests from our customers and/or agencies are shipped by making loading plans based on the resources we have and customer requests.

It is a written contract indicating that the insurance contract has been concluded and the mutual conditions of the contract (the rights and obligations of both parties).

A shelf that can be transported empty or full. product.

It is a type of bonded warehouse where a company stores only its own goods.

Improvement efforts to increase quality, reduce costs and eliminate activities that do not create added value.

Research, selection, planning, inventory control, purchasing, transportation, receiving, evaluation, etc. activities required to obtain the necessary machinery, tools, devices, raw materials, materials, parts, semi-products, products and services from appropriate suppliers.

It is the process of collecting the products in the warehouse from their addresses according to customer demands.

The quantity of each product in the warehouse.

Creating useful products and/or services for users by using production resources such as materials, labor, energy, machinery, etc.

It is a preliminary invoice issued by the seller on behalf of the buyer and showing all kinds of details about the agreement made.

Planned stock quantities that indicate when future sales orders can be filled.

Innovations or advantages offered to increase sales.

It is the transfer of ownership of the goods or services from the seller to the buyer at the desired quality, time and quantity, at an affordable price, with an appropriate delivery and payment schedule and additional conditions if deemed necessary.

An electronic system used during the sorting process, where LED displays indicate to warehouse staff the quantity and location for placing each item. The process results are communicated to the warehouse management system via control buttons on the device.

The process of determining the extent to which a product or service meets predefined quality standards.

Inventory that is segregated from sellable goods due to issues such as faulty documentation, damaged items, or product recalls.

It is a type of authorization certificate that must be held by companies that are organizers of international transportation works in accordance with the Road Transport Law. The validity period of the certificate is 5 years, unless the violations specified in the provisions of the law are committed.

The narrow aisle is the aisle with guide rails that allow the stackers to move in a certain direction.

It is the area that ensures that the chassis of the transport vehicle and the loading area are at the same height level, thus facilitating the unloading and loading of the material.

It is the general name of polyester strips that pass over the load and are fixed to the surface on which the load will be transported and used to fix the load by stretching with the tension mechanism known as “purse”.

Unprocessed materials used extensively in manufacturing processes to produce final goods.

It is an electric stacking equipment that can provide easy, comfortable, fast and safe movement in warehouses with wide aisles (about 3 meters wide), side loading and stacking at 10 - 13 meters high levels to meet storage needs.

The transportation of fresh or frozen food products under controlled temperatures, often as low as -26°C, to ensure product quality and safety throughout the supply chain.

It is the process of transferring a predetermined portion of the risks covered by insurance companies to other insurance companies in return for a premium.

An internal warehouse process ensuring the availability of materials in various packaging forms and storage locations, typically by transferring stock within the facility.

Special areas, such as a predetermined cross-docking area, to be used for placement, collection or other purposes.

It is the stock allocated in the required amount within the framework of the work or purchase order opened for a specific product.

It is an optimization study carried out periodically in order to use all owned and/or subcontracted resources efficiently and in a way that will benefit the organization. As a result of the needs and demands that may arise based on the results of resource planning, processes such as procurement can also be triggered.

The process of transporting goods back from the customer to the original point after delivery, due to reasons such as damage, rejection, expired usage period, obsolescence, packaging recovery, or need for repair.

A document that verifies the returned product is an original company item and states the reason for the return.

The process of managing activities related to products sent back from the customer to the supplier, including transportation, storage, recovery, and disposal operations.

Returning the imported material to the importing country in cases where it does not meet the qualifications of the imported material.

The process of increasing revenues through efficient and strategic practices.

The process of returning goods and/or packaging materials to the supplier(s) after delivery to the customer(s) due to damage, return, rejection, recovery of packaging materials, expiration, obsolescence, disposal, repair and other reasons.

They are easy-to-use, mobile handheld computers that collect information by scanning barcodes, QR codes or manual operation with keys, deliver this collected information to the desired system database online via radio frequency without loss or error, and display information from the system database to direct personnel through the screen.

It is an automatic recognition system consisting of a microchip with an antenna wrapped around it and a reader, integrated with a software-hardware system, where the data communication between the tag and the reader is provided by radio waves.

A mode of transport in which goods are moved entirely by road from the point of origin to the final destination.

It is the equipment that moves the product or the transport container (pallet, basket, etc.) on them by rotating the placed cylinder molds with the motor.

The predefined path or course that people, goods, vehicles, services, or information follow between a starting point and an endpoint.

It is the determination of the order and route in which the transportation process will be carried out from the starting point to the points to be delivered.

A quantity of inventory kept on hand to prevent stockouts caused by unexpected fluctuations in supply lead times or demand rates.

It is a kind of locking system that is installed after the vehicle has been cleared by customs and that ensures that it cannot be opened without authorization until delivery.

It is the stock kept before the start of a season to meet the consumption that will occur during the season.

A designated storage area reserved for handling and storing special or high-value materials under controlled conditions.

It is a storage equipment made of metal, wood or plastic material, which is used to maintain order in warehouses, to put products on it, to use the height and to protect the goods, which is permanently fixed or whose dimensions can be adjusted when necessary.

It is the process of sorting the requests (orders) according to certain criteria (shipment day, location, loading vehicle, route, quantity, etc.) and removing them from the warehouse to be delivered to the requested locations with the relevant official documents.

The party or company that requests the transportation of goods.

In order to realize the FIFO principle for packages such as boxes, pallets, etc. for high turnover speed and better volume utilization, it is a shelf where after a package is received, the other packages slide on inclined rollers to the unloading position.

The monetary value of the damaged goods as assessed by the insurance expert.

Free-running is the general name for vehicles with a one-time transportation agreement.

A pile of goods organized according to specific criteria, often consisting of different types of loads.

The vertical arrangement of goods by placing them on top of each other in order to optimize space usage.

Classic rack designed for standard pallets in Euro and ISO norms etc.

It is a code issued by the “Uniform Product Code” Council (UPCC), the first five characters of which identify the manufacturer and the other 5 characters identify the product.

It is the material that is usually kept in warehouses against future or potential needs.

The exact match between the physical inventory stored at a specific location within a logistics facility and the corresponding stock records in the warehouse management system (WMS).

It is the determination of orders or requirements by continuous or periodic monitoring of stocks in a way that does not cause stock excess or stock deficiency and in accordance with established rules.

Refers to the act of storing goods or the facility used for this purpose. It also denotes the service provided and the associated fee charged for keeping goods under custody.

It is a document showing that the goods to be imported and exported have arrived at customs.

It is generally used in land and sea transportation, where the customs clearance of the material is carried out on the vehicle carrying the transportation.

The provider of goods and services is the company.

It is the name given to the whole of the activities such as organizations, people and technology in this process, covering the movements from the supplier to the customer. In this framework, it is the chain that connects many companies.

They are areas that can serve for a long time by carrying out their activities in an environmentally and socially sensitive manner.

This is the name for containers that are too thin to be stacked on top of each other and lifted over the top by a stacker. They are made of very lightweight materials to reduce initial purchase costs and minimize fuel costs in the long term. Their dimensions are standard ISO container dimensions so that they can be loaded onto other container-carrying vehicles. Thanks to the foldable legs, which are usually located at the four corners, it can change the vehicle it is transported without the need for any loading/unloading system.

The customs procedure that allows raw materials, semi-finished, or finished goods to be brought into the country for processing (with or without value-added operations such as labor) and subsequently exported without being subject to import duties.

Handling fee at the port.

Logistics companies are specialized logistics companies that undertake the logistics activities (primarily transportation and storage) of their customers. The term “first party” refers to the seller company, “second party” to the buyer company and “third party” to the company that undertakes some services between the seller and buyer companies.

It is a customs transit document that provides transportation under a procedure from the customs office at the point of departure to the customs office at the destination. It is divided into 4, 6, 14 and 20 sheets according to the number of pages it contains.

The carrying capacity of a freight transport vehicle in tons.

A portable box or case containing tools (such as hammers, screwdrivers, etc.) used for repairing or maintaining equipment or vehicles.

The ability to collect and report data throughout the supply chain that tracks a product’s journey from production to final consumption.

A motor vehicle designed for towing semi-trailers or trailers, without carrying cargo itself.

It is a road transport vehicle for cargo transportation, which is towed by a towing vehicle and manufactured in accordance with the characteristics of the load it will carry, and can be parked on its own wheels.

It is the transfer of cargo from one carrier to another carrier in international transportation. It is generally used in maritime transportation.

It is the transfer of people and goods between specific points.

Insurance that covers damages to goods or transportation vehicles during transportation.

The process of unloading goods from one vehicle and loading them onto another without applying any special treatment, typically performed within a short timeframe.

A facility where incoming cargo is unloaded, briefly held, and then reloaded onto outbound vehicles based on their final destination. Enables efficient sorting and quick transfer between vehicles.

It is a motorized marine vessel that helps large ships maneuver quickly and safely in port areas.

In 2006, UBAK was renamed as International Transport Forum (ITF). The UBAK certificate is a permit used for transportation between member countries, accompanied by a duly completed logbook, which is allocated at the beginning of each year to companies that meet certain conditions by the Bank of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications within the quota allocated to member countries by the Secretariat.

Labeling, packaging, folding, temperature measuring, transferring, mixing, combining, sorting, palletizing, light assembly, return operations, destruction, adding user manuals, barcode operations, maintenance-repair operations, etc. performed in warehouses upon customer requests.

The maximum dimensions (length, width, and height) permitted for vehicles, whether loaded or unloaded, to ensure safe movement on public roads.

A conveyor solution used to transport materials between floors or vertically separated stations where inclined conveyors are not feasible due to space or height constraints.

A mechatronic storage solution consisting of modules that include an elevator mechanism and trays. Items or containers (e.g., bins, boxes) are placed on trays and moved vertically by the lift. Integrated sensors measure the height of items to minimize the space between trays, maximizing vertical storage efficiency.

Specialized material handling equipment used in Very Narrow Aisle (VNA) storage systems, guided by rails, laser beams, or magnetic lines for pallet placement and retrieval. In “man-up” models, the operator cabin moves vertically with the load, enabling both pallet handling and order picking from high racks. In “man-down” models, the cabin remains at ground level.

A high-density warehouse racking system designed to maximize vertical and horizontal space efficiency. Compared to standard systems requiring aisle widths of about 3 meters, VNA systems reduce aisle widths to as narrow as 2 meters by using specialized handling equipment.

The period during which cargo is not in motion and remains stationary, often due to delays in loading, unloading, customs clearance, or scheduling.

A strategic intermediary point in the supply chain where goods are stored during their transition from raw material to production, and from production to consumption centers.

A secure open or closed area used to temporarily store goods depending on operational needs.

A signed and stamped document confirming the transfer of responsibility for goods during handover between the service provider, supplier, or customer for storage, transportation, or value-added services.

A software system that manages the entire warehouse operation — from receiving to dispatch — by using automated identification technologies. It supports decision-making processes such as location assignment and allocation through smart algorithms, and facilitates tracking, planning, and resource optimization.

It is an official document showing the delivery of goods approved by the finance ministry, used when shipping the goods sold from one place to another.

The coordination and monitoring of all vehicles and personnel entering a logistics facility, ensuring compliance with predefined traffic flow, parking zones, and security protocols within the yard area.